Incandescent bulbs typically have short lifetimes compared with other types of lighting around 1,000 hours for home light bulbs versus typically 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 20,000–30,000 hours for lighting LEDs. Quartz envelope halogen infrared heaters are used for industrial processes such as paint curing and space heating. The heat produced by filaments is used in some applications, such as heat lamps in incubators, lava lamps, and the Easy-Bake Oven toy. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb for 120 V operation is 16 lumens per watt (lm/W), compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 100 lm/W for typical white LED lamps.
Less than 5% of the energy they consume is converted into visible light the rest is lost as heat. Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than other types of electric lighting.
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As a result, the incandescent bulb became widely used in household and commercial lighting, for portable lighting such as table lamps, car headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting. They require no external regulating equipment, have low manufacturing costs, and work equally well on either alternating current or direct current. Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, light output, and voltage ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical connections. Current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb that is filled with vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation. A scanning electron microscope image of the tungsten filament of an incandescent light bulb Elaborate light in Denver, ColoradoĪn incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament that is heated until it glows.
The filament is visible as the mostly horizontal line between the vertical supply wires. Electric light bulb with a resistively heated wire filamentĪ 230-volt incandescent light bulb with a medium-sized E27 (Edison 27 mm) male screw base.
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